《加(jia)快建(jian)設農(nong)(nong)業強國(guo)規(gui)劃（2024—2035年(nian)）》提出“實施(shi)智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)業建(jian)設工程，推動規(gui)模化農(nong)(nong)場(chang)（牧場(chang)、漁場(chang)）數字(zi)(zi)化升級，培育鏈條完整、協同聯(lian)動的智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)業集群”。2025年(nian)中央一號文件也指出要“支持發展(zhan)智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)業”“以科技創新引領(ling)先(xian)進生產(chan)要素集聚，因地制(zhi)宜發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業新質(zhi)生產(chan)力(li)(li)”。數字(zi)(zi)生產(chan)力(li)(li)作為新質(zhi)生產(chan)力(li)(li)的重(zhong)要構成部分，以科技創新為內(nei)核(he)，正全方位、深(shen)層次地重(zhong)塑傳統(tong)農(nong)(nong)業的生產(chan)方式與發展(zhan)模式。在全面推進鄉村振興、加(jia)快建(jian)設農(nong)(nong)業強國(guo)的背景下，借(jie)助數字(zi)(zi)生產(chan)力(li)(li)賦能智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)業發展(zhan)具有重(zhong)要意義。

近年來，我國(guo)(guo)智慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)速發展(zhan)，政策體系不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)完善(shan)。智慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)公共服(fu)務能力提(ti)升，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村大數據平臺(tai)和農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村用(yong)地“一張圖”啟(qi)動建設，持續開展(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)民(min)手機應用(yong)技能培訓。創(chuang)新(xin)應用(yong)項目不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)落地，支持建設國(guo)(guo)家智慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)應用(yong)項目100多個(ge)，眾多智慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)場、牧(mu)場和漁場加(jia)快發展(zhan)。

同(tong)時，智慧(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)集群發展(zhan)也面臨一些問(wen)題。目(mu)前，一些農(nong)業(ye)(ye)領域從(cong)業(ye)(ye)者年紀較大、知識更新滯后，對(dui)智能設(she)(she)備操作(zuo)、數據分析等新技術(shu)的(de)(de)接受和應(ying)用能力不(bu)足(zu)，高(gao)素質復(fu)合(he)型人才稀缺(que)成(cheng)為制約智慧(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)集群發展(zhan)的(de)(de)瓶頸(jing)。而智慧(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)集群發展(zhan)所(suo)需的(de)(de)一些智能設(she)(she)備、軟件系統(tong)及基礎設(she)(she)施，由于不(bu)同(tong)廠商設(she)(she)備和系統(tong)的(de)(de)數據格式、通信協(xie)議不(bu)同(tong)，數據難以互(hu)通共享，形(xing)成(cheng)“信息孤(gu)島”，無法實(shi)現資源的(de)(de)協(xie)同(tong)優(you)化配置。

應(ying)以數(shu)字生產力(li)為引(yin)領，推(tui)動智慧(hui)農業(ye)集群發展，聚(ju)焦三大著(zhu)力(li)點，為農業(ye)高質(zhi)量(liang)發展注(zhu)入(ru)動力(li)。

一(yi)是以數(shu)字技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)優化(hua)(hua)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)與(yu)管(guan)理，破(po)解人才(cai)(cai)(cai)稀缺難題。人才(cai)(cai)(cai)是智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)核心(xin)動(dong)能(neng)，以數(shu)字技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)為抓手(shou)，構建“線(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)+線(xian)(xian)下”協同發(fa)(fa)力的(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)育體系(xi)(xi)，是破(po)解智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)復合(he)(he)型人才(cai)(cai)(cai)短(duan)缺困境的(de)(de)關鍵路徑。線(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)依(yi)托虛擬(ni)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)、云計算等(deng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，打造沉(chen)浸式(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)字學(xue)(xue)習平臺(tai)，將現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)原(yuan)理、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)分析建模、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)設備(bei)操作等(deng)核心(xin)課程(cheng)進行數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)重構，通過(guo)仿真技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)還原(yuan)無人機植保航線(xian)(xian)規劃(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)溫室環境調(diao)控等(deng)真實(shi)(shi)作業(ye)(ye)(ye)場景(jing)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)“云端實(shi)(shi)訓(xun)”，打破(po)時(shi)空壁壘，提升(sheng)培(pei)訓(xun)效(xiao)率與(yu)質量。線(xian)(xian)下深化(hua)(hua)產教融合(he)(he)，聯動(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)(ji)園區與(yu)高(gao)校實(shi)(shi)訓(xun)基地，建設數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)實(shi)(shi)操工坊，配套智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)設備(bei)可視化(hua)(hua)操作手(shou)冊與(yu)遠程(cheng)專家指(zhi)導(dao)系(xi)(xi)統，讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)員在“學(xue)(xue)中做、做中學(xue)(xue)”，快速掌握技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)精髓(sui)。同時(shi)，運(yun)用大數(shu)據(ju)(ju)構建智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)畫像系(xi)(xi)統，動(dong)態追蹤人才(cai)(cai)(cai)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)成長軌跡、培(pei)訓(xun)經歷與(yu)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)意向(xiang)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需求(qiu)與(yu)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)供給(gei)的(de)(de)精準對接，引導(dao)高(gao)校相(xiang)關專業(ye)(ye)(ye)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生向(xiang)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)一(yi)線(xian)(xian)有(you)序流動(dong)；依(yi)托數(shu)字管(guan)理中臺(tai)，搭建遠程(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)支援與(yu)量化(hua)(hua)績效(xiao)激勵體系(xi)(xi)，營造良好(hao)的(de)(de)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)發(fa)(fa)展生態，為智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展注入持久動(dong)力。

二是以數(shu)字技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)驅(qu)動(dong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)創新與(yu)(yu)成(cheng)本(ben)管控(kong)(kong)，突(tu)破勞動(dong)資(zi)料(liao)發(fa)(fa)展瓶頸(jing)。面對智(zhi)慧農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)備(bei)“卡脖子(zi)”與(yu)(yu)高(gao)成(cheng)本(ben)的雙(shuang)重挑戰，亟須(xu)以數(shu)字技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)引(yin)擎，構建全(quan)鏈(lian)(lian)條創新體(ti)系，推(tui)動(dong)勞動(dong)資(zi)料(liao)迭代(dai)升(sheng)級(ji)。在技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)攻關方面，加大數(shu)字技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在智(zhi)慧農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)備(bei)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)領域的投入力度，鼓勵企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)科研(yan)機構建立產學(xue)研(yan)用(yong)協(xie)同創新機制(zhi)(zhi)，運用(yong)人工智(zhi)能等先(xian)進算法(fa)(fa)，對土壤(rang)傳感器、精(jing)準農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)軟件(jian)算法(fa)(fa)等關鍵(jian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行優化升(sheng)級(ji)，提升(sheng)國產設(she)備(bei)的精(jing)度、穩定(ding)性和可靠性，實(shi)現核心技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)自主可控(kong)(kong)。在成(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)領域，充分發(fa)(fa)揮云計(ji)算和邊緣(yuan)計(ji)算技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)優勢，搭建智(zhi)慧農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群共享服務平(ping)臺，為(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)彈性化的計(ji)算資(zi)源和軟件(jian)服務，變(bian)“硬件(jian)購置”為(wei)(wei)“按需租用(yong)”，降(jiang)低企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)硬件(jian)和軟件(jian)建設(she)成(cheng)本(ben)。同時(shi)，借助(zhu)區(qu)塊(kuai)鏈(lian)(lian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)建立智(zhi)慧農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)備(bei)供(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)聯(lian)盟，實(shi)現零部件(jian)生產、采購、銷售全(quan)流程(cheng)信息(xi)共享，通(tong)過智(zhi)能合約優化供(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管理，降(jiang)低設(she)備(bei)采購和維(wei)護成(cheng)本(ben)，推(tui)動(dong)智(zhi)慧農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群向高(gao)端(duan)化、規模(mo)化邁進，夯實(shi)智(zhi)慧農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的基礎。

三(san)是以數(shu)(shu)字技術(shu)促進(jin)(jin)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)整合(he)與(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效運用，攻克(ke)勞動(dong)(dong)對象利用難題。數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)作為新型(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)要素，是激活智慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)潛(qian)能的(de)關(guan)鍵所在。以數(shu)(shu)字技術(shu)為紐(niu)帶，構建統(tong)一的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)標準和(he)通(tong)信協(xie)議，借助物(wu)聯網(wang)與(yu)(yu)5G技術(shu)，搭建全(quan)域感知網(wang)絡，實現不同廠商設備和(he)系統(tong)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)互聯互通(tong)，打(da)破“信息孤島”，為數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)深度(du)(du)挖(wa)掘與(yu)(yu)應用奠定基礎(chu)。在此之上(shang)，打(da)造智慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)平臺(tai)，整合(he)種植、養殖、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監測(ce)等多維度(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)資(zi)源(yuan)，運用數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)挖(wa)掘和(he)人工智能算法，對海量數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行深度(du)(du)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)與(yu)(yu)價(jia)值提(ti)煉。如通(tong)過整合(he)土壤(rang)墑情、氣象變化、作物(wu)生(sheng)長等數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，構建病蟲(chong)害預警模型(xing)，預判災害風險，為科學決策提(ti)供有力支撐；利用大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)種植與(yu)(yu)養殖環(huan)(huan)節的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)需求和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出，實現水、肥、飼(si)料(liao)等精(jing)準配(pei)置，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)資(zi)源(yuan)利用效率(lv)。運用數(shu)(shu)字技術(shu)開發農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量追溯系統(tong)，對農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品從田間到餐桌(zhuo)的(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行記錄追蹤(zong)，實現質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)全(quan)程(cheng)可溯，提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品市場競爭力，充分(fen)(fen)釋放勞動(dong)(dong)對象的(de)數(shu)(shu)字化價(jia)值，為智慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)集(ji)群高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發展(zhan)注入動(dong)(dong)能。